I think right now you can only do that by using the CLI from command line:
https://www.aseprite.org/docs/cli/
https://community.aseprite.org/t/the-command-line-interface/24
The line that you should use for this task is:
aseprite -b “name_of_your_archive.ase” --save-as {layer}.png
Or, is your sprite is animated:
aseprite -b “name_of_your_archive.ase” --save-as {layer}_{frame01}.png
In both cases, the name of the exported files (or file sequences) will be the same of the layer.
I hope this helps!