Aseprite doesn’t have a built-in gradient map. GIMP and Krita both do; both are free. I think Pixelorama has one, not sure about other pixel art graphics editors.
I made a gradient map for Aseprite. This is a short demo video (no audio):
Due to all the features, you have to download the scripts in bulk from https://github.com/behreajj/asepriteaddons, not just one unfortunately. The gradient map creates a new layer, it doesn’t edit the layer in-place; that way it’s less likely to destroy your work.
I wouldn’t be surprised if others have made their own. A lot of people post their extensions to Itch and/or Github, so I’d look there.
[Edit: Layer masking, an alpha multiply or intersect, would be the other tool that would help overlay the effect over normal sprites. Again, not something Aseprite has.]